Nullification of ablution

20/06/2012| IslamWeb

Before offering prayers and other particular acts of worship, one must be in a state of ritual purity. It is necessary therein to wash the parts of the body that are generally exposed to dirt or other impurities. This cleansing is called Wudhoo' (Ablution) and is performed as follows:

1. Have the intention that the act is for the purpose of worship and purification. Then, begin by saying 'Bismillah' ('I begin in the Name of Allah').

2. Wash your hands up to the wrists, three times starting with the right hand.

3. Rinse your mouth with water, three times.

4. At the same time, cleanse your nostrils by sniffing water and expelling it, three times.

5. Wash your whole face three times with both hands, if possible, from the top of the forehead to the bottom of the chin and from ear to ear.

6. Wash your right arm three times up to the far end of the elbow, and then do the same with the left arm.

7. Wipe the whole head, or any part of it, with a wet hand from the front to the back, once.

8. Wipe the inner sides of your ears with the forefingers and their outer sides with the thumbs. This should be done with wet fingers once.

9 Wash your two feet up to the ankles, three times, beginning with the right foot.

The following acts render ablution null and void:

Natural bodily discharges

 

These include urine, stools, gas from behind, etc. Concerning the cases which necessitate ablution, Allah Almighty Says (what means): “… or (if) one of you comes from the place of relieving himself…” [Quran 5:6] This proves that such an act obligates new purification.

Abu Hurayrah  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him reported that the Messenger of Allah  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: “Allah does not accept the prayer of a person who has released gas until he performs a new ablution." A person from Hadhramawt (in Yemen) asked Abu Hurayrah  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him: “What does releasing gas mean?” He answered: “Passing wind, with or without sound.” [Al-Bukhari & Muslim]

He  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him also narrated that the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: “If one of you finds a disturbance in his abdomen and is not certain if he released any gas or not, he should not leave the mosque (i.e., quit his prayer) unless he hears its sound or smells its odour.” [Muslim]

Hearing the escaping gas or smelling it is not the condition that nullifies the ablution, but the certainty that passing gas has occurred. As for a discharge of Al-Mathi (prostatic fluid), the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: “Perform ablution.” Concerning Al-Mani (sperm), Ibn ‘Abbas  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him said: “It requires Ghusl (ritual bathing) and for Al-Mathi and Al-Wadi (which is secreted from the sexual organ due to sickness or fatigue), wash your sexual organs and perform ablution.” [Al-Bayhaqi]

Absolute deep sleep unaware of surroundings

If the person did not keep his buttocks firmly seated on the floor while sleeping, he must make a new ablution.  Safwan Ibn ‘Asal  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him said: “The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) used to order us while we were travelling not to take our socks off unless we were in post-sex impurity (i.e. not for defecation, urination or sleep).”

If one’s buttocks remained firmly on the floor during his sleep, no new ablution is necessary.  This is implied by the narration of Anas  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him who said: “The companions of the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) were waiting for the delayed 'Ishaa' prayer until their heads began nodding up and down (from drowsiness and sleep). They would then pray without performing ablution." [Muslim, Ash-Shafi'ee, Abu Dawood & Al-Tirmithi]

The wording that Al-Tirmithi recorded from the chain of Shu'bah is: "I have seen the companions of the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) sleeping to the extent that one could hear some of them snoring, but, they would stand for prayer without a new ablution.” Imam Ibn Al-Mubarak  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him said: “In our view, this happened when they were sitting.”

Loss of consciousness  

This nullifies the ablution, regardless of whether it was due to insanity, fainting, drunkenness, or medication. It also does not matter if one was unconscious for a short or long period of time, or if one was sitting, or fell to the ground, and so on. The aspect of unawareness here is greater than that of sleeping.  The scholars all agree on this point.

Touching the sexual organ without any 'barrier' (clothing etc.) between the hand and the organ

Busrah Ibnt Safwan (a female companion)  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  her narrated that the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) said: “Whoever touches his sexual organ cannot pray until he performs ablution.” [Malik, Ash-Shafi'ee, Ahmad & Others]

Imam Abu Dawood  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him said: “I asked Ahmad  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him: ‘Is the Hadeeth (prophetic narration) of Busrah authentic?’ He replied: ‘Certainly it is authentic.'” In the narration of Imams Ahmad and An-Nasa،i  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  them Busrah heard the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) saying: “Ablution is to be made by the one who touches his sexual organ.”  

This is general and encompasses touching one’s own sexual organs or touching anyone else’s. Abu Hurayrah  may  Allah  be  pleased  with  him reported the Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) as saying: “Whoever touches his sexual organ without any covering (over it) must perform ablution.” [Ahmad, Ibn Hibban & Al-Hakim]

Imam Ibn As-Sakan  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him who was a Hadeeth scholar, said: “This Hadeeth is from the best of what has been related on this topic,” Imam Ash-Shafi'ee  may  Allah  have  mercy  upon  him related: “Any man who touches his penis must perform ablution. Any woman who touches her vagina must perform ablution.” 

The scholars of the Hanafi school are of the opinion, based on the following Hadeeth, that touching the sexual organ does not nullify the ablution: “A man asked the Prophet, sallallaahu 'alayhi wa salam, if a man who touches his penis has to perform ablution. The Prophet  sallallaahu  `alayhi  wa  sallam ( may  Allah exalt his mention ) replied: “No, it is just a part of you.”

In addition to this issue (touching the sexual organ), there are other issues that are also controversial in this regard among Muslim scholars, such as excretion of pus or blood, vomiting and eating camel meat.

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